The Barbado da Terceira, a robust herding breed from the Azores, has a rich history dating back to the 15th century. Originally bred to manage cattle and protect livestock, this medium sized breed is recognized for its agility, intelligence and loyalty. Though lesser-known, it is starting to gain recognition beyond its native Portugal. Physically, the Barbado da Terceira stands out for its distinctive beard, abundant coat, energetic demeanor and strong protective instincts.
Despite its long historical roots, it has only recently started to receive international recognition, and has not currently been recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale FCI. It was however, added to the Foundation Stock Service of the American Kennel Club (AKC) which is a precursor to full recognition and symbolic or a growing presense of the breed in the USA. Domestically, the breed is recognized in Portugal by the Portuguese Kennel Club – CPC (Clube Português de Canicultura) as well as two major societies.
While not recognised by the FCI, the CPS have used the same classification grouping in their breed standard, placing the breed in Group 1 for ‘Sheepdogs and Cattle Dog (except Swiss Cattle Dogs) and Section 2 for ‘Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs) Without working trial‘.
History & Origins Of The Barbado da Terceira
The Barbado da Terceira is a herding and guard dog breed that originated from the Azores, an archipelago in Portugal. It was originally developed on the island of Terceira. Historically, these dogs were bred from various canines brought by settlers in the 15th century. Their primary role was to manage cattle and protect livestock, and derived from breeds brought to the islands with those specific skills. They played an integral role within the agricultural community on the islands from their very arrival. Over the centuries other breeds have likely contributed to the genetic mix within the modern breed, but the exact parental lines are not well documented or clear.
Despite having roots going back to the 15th Century, the breed only recently gained recognition from the Clube Português de Canicultura, in 2004. Until this time, it was not recognized as a specific breed at all. The CPS have published a breed standard and they featured in their first local dog show in 2005 on the island of Terceira. In a census of the same year, the population of these dogs was determined to be 222 dogs, which makes them a very rare breed.
There is a small population now in the USA, and in 2020 the first pups were born on that side of the Atlantic. Since 2021, they have been part of the AKC Foundation Stock Service. While not yet recognized by the FCI, they are recognized by a handful of national clubs internationally, including:
- Société Royale Saint-Hubert (Belgium)
- Raad van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied in Nederland (The Netherlands)
- Dansk Kennel Club (Denmark)
Quick Facts About The Barbado da Terceira
- Intelligent and Easy to Teach – The Barbado da Terceira is highly intelligent and eager to learn, making training a straightforward process. They have strong herding instincts, but quickly grasp commands and tasks, especially when delivered with a consistent firmness, but plenty of love.
- Protective and Loyal – This breed has strong protective instincts and is fiercely loyal to its family. In a working role, they are great protectors of their flock, and as companions they are great protectors of their home making it an excellent watchdog and devoted companion.
- Affectionate and Joyful – Known for their joyful disposition and playful attitude to life, these dogs are affectionate and form strong bonds with their families.
- Skillful Herder – With a history in herding, the Barbado da Terceira is a skilled and agile worker, excelling in tasks that require both mental and physical agility.
- Versatile and Adaptable – The Barbado da Terceira is versatile and adapts well to various living environments, thriving in both rural and urban settings as long as they receive sufficient exercise and stimulation.
Characteristics Of The Barbado da Terceira
The Barbado da Terceira, often referred to simply as the ‘Barbado,’ is also known by ‘Terceira Cattle Dog,’ which is simply an English translation to their name. This breed is gaining recognition outside Portugal, particularly in the United States, but as a relatively ‘new standard breed’ with little exposure outside of it’s native region, there are not really any nicknames or regional variations to the name beyond this.
Barbado da Terceira Puppies
Barbado da Terceira puppies come in litters of four to eight pups, but usually between six to eight. It’s essential for these young herders to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks to develop crucial social behaviors and a strong foundation for future training.
When ready to join new families, early socialization and consistent training are key, particularly if the dog is not being kept in their working capacity, to keep their herding instincts well controlled. In the United States, the cost of a Barbado da Terceira puppy can vary quite widely.
They are still a very rare breed state side of the Atlantic, having only recently been introduced and with the first US born litter only occurring as recently as 2020. Currently in June 2024, there are a few pups listed in Boston from a couple of breeders, and in both cases the price is between $2000 and $3000 including an initial deposit. This is the current ball park, and you can expect a waiting list once you have reached out to a breeder because of their rarity but increased recognition.
In Europe, prices vary between €1500 to €2000, but are volatile depending on demand and access to a breeder, as well as pedigree. It is easier to find a breeder in the USA than it is across mainland Europe, out with Portugal and the Azores however.
Appearance
The Barbado da Terceira is medium-sized, with a well-proportioned and muscular build. A testament to its working heritage. Males typically stand between 52 – 58 cm (20 – 23 in) at the withers, while females are slightly smaller, ranging from 48 to 54 cm (19 – 21 in). Their weight generally falls between 46 to 66 pounds, with males often being heavier than females. The size and weight is precisely laid out in the breed standard described by the CPC.
Distinct physical features of the Barbado da Terceira include a broad head with a strong, straight muzzle, and expressive dark eyes set well apart. Their medium-sized ears hang close to the head, and their bushy tail is usually carried low or slightly curved. The breed’s distinctive beard and thick, wavy coat add to their characteristic appearance.
Male | Female | |
Height | 52 – 58 cm (20 – 23 in) | 48 – 54 cm (19 – 21 in) |
Weight | 25 – 30 kg (55 – 66 lb) | 21 – 26 kg (46 – 57 lb) |
Coat
The coat of the Barbado da Terceira is long, thick, and wavy – not too straight but never curly. It has a very dense undercoat that is even across the entire body. It’s a shedding coat that will blow during moulting season and if working or showing the dog in competition, the length should be clipped to an even length.
Color
Common coat colors include yellow, grey, black, and fawn, often with white patches on the chest, belly, and tip of the tail. The official standard also describes a wolf coloring accepted in pale, common and dark shades. A white blaze (on the head) and/or a white collar. is also acceptable
Temperament
Barbado da Terceira dogs are known for their intelligence and protective instincts. They are alert and make excellent watchdogs. Despite their guarding nature, they are gentle and affectionate with their families. The standard also describes them as being ‘intelligent, easy to teach, joyful, docile and wilful‘ and this actually sums up the breed perfectly.
Lifespan
There are conflicting accounts for the lifespan of the Barbado daTerceira. Some sources advise the average is between 10 -12 years, but the AKC, give what I believe to be a more representative average of 12 to 14 years, in good health and care.
Known Health Issues
The Barbado da Terceira is generally a healthy breed, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health issues:
Hip Dysplasia – This genetic condition occurs when the hip joint doesn’t fit together perfectly, leading to arthritis or lameness.
- Treatment: Management includes weight control, controlled exercise, and anti-inflammatory medications. In severe cases, they might need surgery to fix the problem.
Elbow Dysplasia – A common joint condition that can cause pain and lameness in the front limbs.
- Treatment: Similar to hip dysplasia, treatment involves weight management, exercise control, and possibly surgery.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – An inherited condition where the retina degenerates, leading to vision loss and eventual blindness.
- Treatment: There is no cure for PRA, but supportive care and adaptations to the dog’s environment can help manage the condition.
Epilepsy – A neurological disorder that can cause seizures.
- Treatment: Anti-seizure medications are commonly used to manage epilepsy and improve the dog’s quality of life.
Allergies – Skin allergies can be common, causing discomfort and itching.
- Treatment: Treatment may include dietary changes, medication, and avoiding allergens.
Daily Life
Food and Diet
Barbado da Terceiras are active and energetic, requiring a balanced diet to support their lifestyle. Typically, an adult Barbado da Terceira needs about 2 to 3 cups of high-quality dry kibble daily, divided into two meals. Their diet should be rich in animal-based proteins – or a suitable alternative if they can’t tolerate meat – to maintain muscle mass and overall health. Look for foods where the first ingredient is a high-quality protein source, avoiding excessive fillers or grains.
Puppies need a diet formulated for growth, with meals spread throughout the day—usually three to four times daily. As they mature, transition to an adult feeding schedule of two meals per day. Senior Barbado da Terceiras benefit from a diet tailored to older dogs, with fewer calories and added nutrients for joint health and mobility.
Always provide fresh water and monitor their weight to prevent obesity. If you notice considerable changes to their weight or energy, consult with your vet to tailor the diet to your Barbado da Terceira’s specific needs and lifestyle.
Exercise
Barbado da Terceiras are high-energy dogs, inheriting their vigor from their working heritage. They thrive in active families or with individuals who can provide ample physical and mental stimulation, ideally with plenty of space to run and play. At least 60 to 90 minutes of daily exercise is recommended to keep them fit and prevent boredom. This is easier to achieve if you live in a rural or suburban setting, with plenty space around. Activities can include brisk walks, jogging, or engaging in play sessions in a safe, enclosed area.
Though trainable off-leash, their herding instincts might lead them to try herding other animals, which could cause conflicts. In public places with other animals, keeping them on a leash is advisable unless they have exceptional recall and discipline. They are highly trainable and some will behave perfectly well off leash in any setting.
Family Compatibility
Barbado da Terceiras are known for their loyalty and affectionate nature. They form strong bonds with family members and are particularly gentle and affectionately playful with children. They are aware of their own size and strength and adopt a gentleness when playing with young ones. But they do have strong herding instincts and might nip the heels of even their well respected leader.
Their high energy levels and herding instincts mean they need a consistent routine and firm yet positive training methods. Naturally wary of strangers, Barbado da Terceiras make excellent watchdogs but require ongoing socialization to prevent overprotectiveness.
They are best suited for homes with a secure yard and are not ideal for apartment living or city environments. They are too energetic for city life, and need a role or job to do to keep mentally healthy. Even if that role is plenty of mental play – fetch and retrieve, obedience or agility training. They need this even as a companion dog to stave off boredom.
Training & Socializing
Given their herding background, Barbado da Terceiras excel in activities that allow them to use their natural instincts. Herding trials or tasks that mimic herding can be particularly satisfying for them. Agility training, obedience exercises, and interactive play like frisbee or fetch are also great ways to keep their agility and intelligence sharp. Mental stimulation is as crucial as physical exercise for their happiness.
Early and consistent socialization is also a vital training task. Particularly to ensure these dogs manage their herding instincts appropriately around children and other pets. The earlier you start the better, but the training should be a lifelong endeavor to keep them well-behaved and content. Their instincts are strong and it takes constant reinforcement to keep them in check.
Grooming
Barbado da Terceiras naturally have a long, dense coat that requires regular grooming to maintain. A good brush at least twice per week helps keep their coat tidy and free from dirt and matting. During shedding seasons, daily brushing is advisable to remove dead hair and keep their coat comfortable, especially in thicker areas. Regular grooming also helps distribute natural oils, keeping their skin and coat healthy.
As with other similar breeds, nail clipping, removing wax from ears and occasional baths should also be part of a regular, healthy routine. Their teeth should also be maintained with regular brushing, which can be aided with the use of some toys and treats designed for good oral hygiene.
Breed Traits
Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
Intelligent and east to train | Thick, shedding coat not hypoallergenic |
Great working dog in herding and guarding | Strong herding instincts |
Loyal and loving breed | Needs constant training to prevent ‘heel nips’ |
Adaptable and versatile | Very active, not for city or sedentary life |
Breed FAQs
Is the Barbado da Terceira good with children?
Yes, they are very loving and affectionate with children. They are a herding dog though naturally, and have strong instincts that need constant training to keep in check.
How rare are the Barbado da Terceira?
A census in 2005 placed the population of the Barbado da Terceira at 222 in their native Portuguese Azores. Since then, a few breeders have started popping up in the USA and across Europe, but the breed is still to this day, very rare.
Summary
The Barbado da Terceira is a versatile and loyal working breed, with a long history starting in the Portuguese Azores. They are a rare breed to this day, still to achieve recognition with many of the major international kennel associations.
However, they are a growing breed, gaining recognition in some areas of Europe and the USA They are a great, unique choice to consider for active families who can provide plenty of exercise and play, but really benefit from having an owner experience with herding and working dogs, with the will to keep training a consistent throughout the dogs life. With proper care and training, they make excellent companions and watchdogs.