The Ca de Bou, or Majorca Mastiff, is a medium to large breed with deep roots in its native Majorca, Spain. Like all mastiffs, the breed is known for its considerable strength and loyal temperament. It has served as a reliable guardian and companion for centuries, though they also have quite a brutal and bloody past. Bull-baiting and dog fighting were a big part of the Ca de Bou’s past, and thankfully while these sports are mostly a thing of the past, they have retained a purpose in the role of an exceptional watchdog.
Though not as widely recognized as some breeds, the Ca de Bou’s unique qualities and strong lineage make it a breed to consider carefully for those seeking a protective yet somewhat calm companion. They are domestically recognised in Spain and the surrounding islands, by the Spanish Kennel Club (Real Sociedad Canina de España). Internationally, they are recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and the United Kennel Club (UKC). They are not yet recognized however, by many of the major regional clubs such as the Kennel Club (KC) in the UK, or the American Kennel Club (AKC).
History & Origins Of The Ca de Bou
The Ca de Bou’s roots trace back to Majorca, where it developed from local breeds crossed with English Bulldogs to create a resilient, heat-tolerant breed suited for bull-baiting. This breed’s development was driven by its functional role rather than appearance, resulting in a powerful, muscular dog adept at guarding and protection.
Historically, this breed was utilized for bull-baiting and guarding. With bull-baiting outlawed in the late 19th century, the breed declined to the brink of extinction. Those that did remain, transitioned to roles in guarding and hunting. Despite near extinction in the early 20th century, the breed was revitalized and is now recognized internationally, particularly in Russia and Poland.
Quick Facts About The Ca de Bou
- Formidable Guardian – The Ca de Bou, with its muscular build and vigilant nature, excels as a protector. It is fiercely loyal and incredibly courage when duty calls.They are naturally wary of strangers but deeply devoted to their family’s safety.
- Intelligent and Strong-Willed – Highly intelligent and independent, the Ca de Bou requires consistent training and mental stimulation. They need an experienced dog owner who can provide firm guidance. Without proper leadership, there is potential for their strong-willed nature to become challenging to manage.
- Moderate Activity Level – While they enjoy regular exercise, Ca de Bous are not overly energetic. They do need daily walks and playtime, but are also content when resting and relaxing too. While they might not be demanding for exercise, they still need an experienced and capable owner because these are big and powerful dogs.
- Protective and Loyal – Deeply devoted to their families, Ca de Bous are known for their gentle and protective nature with children. They can coexist with other pets if properly socialized from a young age, but they might not be overly friendly with other dogs.
- Calm and Confident – Despite their powerful presence, Ca de Bous are typically calm and confident. They are not prone to unnecessary aggression but will act decisively if they perceive a threat to their loved ones, displaying a balanced temperament suitable for both companionship and guarding duties.
Characteristics Of The Ca de Bou
The Ca de Bou, is often compared to breeds like the Perro de Presa Canario and the Dogo Argentino due to its muscular build and protective nature. However, the Ca de Bou is distinctive in its own right, embodying the Molosser type with its own specific set of care requirements. It’s important for an owner to know the difference between this breed and similar types, as some of these breeds like the Dogo Argentino, are banned in certain countries.
In its native Majorca, the breed was historically known as the Perro de Presa Mallorquin, reflecting its role as a catch dog in bull-baiting and guarding. The name ‘Ca de Bou’ translates to ‘Bulldog’ in Catalan, which reflects the dogs function rather than its physical appearance. It also alludes to the historical introduction of the English Bulldog into the bloodline of these dogs. Today, they are widely recognized by either Ca De Bou, or the Majorca Mastiff internationally. The FCI have all three of these main names mentioned in their breed standard, though the English name is presented as the main.
Ca de Bou Puppies
Ca de Bou puppies typically come in litters of four to eight. It’s vital for them to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks to develop proper, foundational skills and social behaviors. Early socialization and training are crucial once they are ready for their new homes to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults. A good breeder will also usually use this time to carry out any necessary health checks and should be able to provide you the supporting certification.
For prospective owners, the cost of a Ca de Bou puppy can vary. In the United States, prices generally range from $1500 to $2500, depending on the breeder, lineage, and demand. I have seen them listed for lower than this, but it’s important to make sure you buy from a reputable breeder.
In Europe, particularly in Spain and neighboring countries, prices range from €1,200 to €2,500. The UK market sees prices from £1,000 to £2,000. While not as expensive as some breeds, the Ca de Bou’s rarity can contribute to higher prices, especially for puppies with proven, purebred lineage.
Appearance
The Ca de Bou is an imposing and muscular dog that at first glance, commands respect. With a broad, powerful body and a strong, square head, they radiate confidence and strength, though not with aggression, but a considered calmness. Their eyes are dark, oval-shaped and set deep, while their ears are small, rose-shaped and lie close to the head. Their tail is thick at the base and tapers to a point, often carried low and thier chest is broad and deep, emphasizing their robust build.
Males are typically between 21.5 – 23 inches tall and weigh 77-84 pounds. Females are slightly smaller, standing 20-21.5 inches tall and weighing 66-75 pounds. The FCI standard dictates these measurements as the ideal for the breed and they are quite specific about this.
| Male | Female | |
| Height | 55–58 cm (21.5–23 in) | 52–55 cm (20–21.5 in) |
| Weight | 35–38 kg (77–84 lb) | 30–34 kg (66–75 lb) |
Coat
The Ca de Bou’s coat is short, dense, and lies flat against the body. It is described as being rough to the touch in the breed standard, and provides adequate protection without the need for extensive grooming.
Color
There are three colors described in the breed standard published by the FCI. These are: Brindle, Fawn and Black. For brindle and fawn dogs different shades are allowed, with some preferred over others. Here’s all the accepted combinations:
- Fawn – Deeper shades are preferred but all are permissible. White patches are allowed on the front feet, chest and muzzle, but only up to around 30% of the total coat cover.
- Brindle – Darker tones preferred over lighter ones.
In all cases, a black mask is also permissible and particularly common on fawn colored dogs.
Temperament
The Ca De Bou can be rather a quiet breed, and while this is not uncommon for a mastiff breed, its perhaps more of a characteristic in this one. It would be a fool that mistook this quietness for apathy though, as these dogs are always switched on and ever observant. Like all mastiffs, these are big and powerful dogs, and when duty demands they can be considerably courageous and brave. They tend to get on well with humans and are well devoted to their master and their family. But they are, at heart, exceptional guard dogs and wary of strangers. If you threaten them or their family, you will have a formidable opponent in your way, with a look that could cut through steel.
Lifespan
You can expect a Ca de Bou typically to live between 10-12 years on average, with proper care and a healthy lifestyle.
Known Health Issues
While the Ca de Bou is generally a healthy breed, there are a few health issues to watch out for:
Hip Dysplasia: A common condition in larger breeds that can cause pain and mobility issues.
- Treatment: Weight management, joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, surgical intervention can help manage the condition.
Elbow Dysplasia: This condition involves abnormal development of the elbow joint, leading to lameness.
- Treatment: Similar to hip dysplasia, including surgery if necessary.
Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): A life-threatening condition where the stomach twists.
- Treatment: Immediate veterinary intervention is crucial, often involving surgery in severe cases.
Daily Life
Food and Diet
The Ca de Bou thrives on a balanced diet rich in high-quality protein to support their muscular build and active lifestyle. A diet that includes both dry kibble and wet food, specifically formulated for medium to large breeds, is ideal. Ensure their diet contains essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids for coat health and glucosamine for joint support. Regular, portion-controlled meals, typically two to three times a day, help maintain their health and vitality. Fresh water should always be available to keep them hydrated.
Exercise
The Ca de Bou requires regular exercise to maintain its physical and mental well-being. Daily activities should include long walks and moderate play sessions to cater to their moderate energy levels. Ideally, they should have access to a secure, spacious area where they can explore and move freely. This breed enjoys engaging activities that challenge both their body and mind, such as obedience training, agility exercises, and interactive play. While not overly energetic, they benefit greatly from consistent physical activity to prevent boredom and maintain their muscular build.
Family Compatibility
While they get along well with other pets when properly socialized, supervision is advised due to their strong protective drive. Ca de Bous are best suited for families who can provide firm leadership and regular interaction. These dogs are naturally wary of strangers and other unfamiliar dogs. Calm unless provoked, but they will reserve judgement to a strangers actions as much as the word of their owner.
Training & Socializing
Early socialization is crucial to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults. Expose your Ca de Bou to various people, environments, and other animals to reduce any potential for aggression or fearfulness. Due to their protective nature, obedience training is essential, and enrolling in a professional training class can be highly beneficial. They need a strong leader that they can respect as the boss, to maintain obedience and authority.
Grooming
Minimal grooming is needed due to their short coat. Regular brushing, weekly at most, would be recommended. Even if they don’t need quite as much as this, the brushing is a great bonding exercise, to maintain a healthy relationship with the owner. Ears should be checked regularly for wax and dirt, and teeth cleaning should also be part of a regular routine. You should also keep an eye on the length of their nails and clip them before they get uncomfortably long.
Breed Traits
| Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
| Great guard dog | Very powerful dogs |
| Good with all the family including kids | Need a firm owner they can respect as the boss |
| Calm and loyal to their master | Reserved with strangers |
| Generally well behaved | Not for inexperienced owners |
Breed FAQs
Are Ca de Bou good with children?
These dogs can be very good with older children, and are very loyal to those within their family. They should not be left alone with young children though, especially if not well socialized. Their protective nature is very strong, but they also have a fighting history and this should not be ignored.
Are Ca de Bou easy to train?
With consistent and firm training, they can be well-behaved, but they require experienced owners.
Summary
The Ca de Bou is a powerful, loyal and protective breed with a rich history as somewhat brutal past as a bull-baiter and fighter. Thankfully, with these ‘sports’ more or less being a thing of the past, the breed has moved on to a more civilized and purposeful role as a formidable guard dog. They can do well in a variety of households but they don’t need too much exercise. What they do need though, is a purpose and an experienced owner who can provide firm, consistent training. With proper care, they make excellent family companions and watchdogs.