The Icelandic Sheepdog, a national treasure of Iceland, is the only indigenous dog breed to the island. It is a hard working dog, used traditionally in herding, with a history that intertwines with the Norse Viking settlers who first inhabited the island centuries ago.
Bred for their herding ability and adaptability, the Icelandic Sheepdog is as much a part of Iceland’s cultural heritage as its famous sagas. They have a happy personality and a resilience typical to that of a herding breed. They do have a very similar look to some of the other Scandinavian herding spitz types.
The Icelandic Sheepdog is recognised by many of the different European Kennel Clubs, as well as the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) which is the largest of the international kennel club federations.
History Of The Icelandic Sheepdog
The saga of the Icelandic Sheepdog begins over a thousand years ago, in the 9th Century AD during the Viking Age. Norse settlers, seeking new lands, brought spitz-type dogs to Iceland to aid in tending livestock in the harsh landscape. It is from these original ancestral dogs, that the Icelandic Spits was derived. Esteemed for their hardiness and herding skills, these dogs were integral to the Norse way of life, helping manage both sheep and horses.
Knowledge of the breed was common across wider Europe as far back as the Middle Ages, as Icelandic traders had regular commerce with the mainland and the UK. Remember, the Vikings settled on much of the UK too, so regular trade and travel was already established. There is plenty evidence of the breeds awareness in writing and art of the time. Perhaps the most famous and one of the earliest examples is from Shakespeare’s Henry V from the late 16th Century.
It should come as no surprise then, that the Icelandic Sheepdog is recognised by most of the major international kennel clubs, at least 10 of the major European Clubs, and the American Kennel Club (AKC). It received recognition from the FCI in 1972 and the AKC in 2010. The first to officially recognize the breed though, was the Icelandic Kennel Club, established in 1969. Later in 1996, the Icelandic Sheepdog International Cooperation was formed and all of the clubs mentioned above are members of this cooperation.
Despite the widespread knowledge and praise for the breed, they are still relatively rare. In 2022, around 5000 were estimated to be registered worldwide and around 10% of those were in Scandinavian countries.
Breed Origin
Unlike many dog breeds, whose origins and ancestry can be a bit anecdotal or speculative, the Icelandic Sheepdog is one example where the origins are pretty clear on all counts. It is very similar to both the Buhund and Vallhund from the Scandinavian homelands of the Vikings, and they all derive from a common ancestral stock.
Quick Facts About The Icelandic Sheepdog
- Vigilant and Alert – The Icelandic Sheepdog is exceptionally vigilant and alert, traits that have historically made them excellent watchdogs for farms and homes. Their keen senses encourage them to bark and let you know as soon as they notice any unfamiliar activities or presence in their surroundings.
- Playful and Energetic – This breed is very playful, but not overly ‘in your face’. It does needs lots of mental stimulation, so play is not just about appeasing their boundless physical energy. They really do make wonderful companions for active families.
- Highly Affectionate – Icelandic Sheepdogs are known for their deep affection towards their owners. They are extremely loyal and form strong bonds with family members, often seen shadowing their humans around the house. They also score very highly for getting on with children and other dogs too.
- Intelligent and Responsive – Not only are they very friendly, but they have a very obvious intelligence too. Their smarts are clear to see when it comes to training, as they are quick learners and very responsive. They have a true eagerness to please and as you would expect from a herding breed, they can pick up lots of commands and tasks easily. The Icelandic Sheepdog don’t just make great working dogs, but great family pets too.
Characteristics Of The Icelandic Sheepdog
While the Icelandic Sheepdog does share some historical and physical similarities with the Norwegian Buhund and the Finnish Lapphund, they do have unique traits and care requirements. For example, their sociable temperament and vocal nature set them apart, and they often have different exercise and grooming needs. It’s important to be able to differentiate between the breeds.
You might hear the Icelandic Sheepdog go by a variety of different names and nicknames, which is unsurprising given it’s history, as a widely known breed for centuries. You may hear them referred to as the Icelandic Spits, or the Icelandic Dog, but these are just names for the same breed. In the tongue of their native Iceland, they are known as the Íslenskur Fjárhundur which translates as their common name – Icelandic Sheepdog . Other names include the Friaar Dog or the Canis islandicus.
Icelandic Sheepdog puppies typically come in litters ranging from four to eight. It is generally recommended that they remain with their mother until they are at least eight weeks old to ensure they develop essential behaviors.
For those looking to add an Icelandic Sheepdog to their family, the cost can vary widely, mostly depending on factors around the quality of their breeding and local demand. In the United States, prices can range from $1000 to $2500. In the UK, you can expect to pay between £600-£800 for a quality purebred pup. On top of that, you can expect to pay between £100 to £200 per month on food, insurance and care.
Appearance
The Icelandic Sheepdog stands about 16 to 18 inches at the shoulder and weighs between 20 and 30 pounds. Males are a little taller and heavier than females and the breed’s build is compact and proportionate. Slightly longer than it is tall, reflecting its agility and endurance.
The head of the Icelandic Sheepdog is ‘fox-like’ with keen, alert eyes that express the breed’s lively intelligence. Their ears are triangular and stand erect, adding to their alert stance. The muzzle is of moderate length, ending in a black nose, sensitive enough to work effectively in herding and general farm work.
Distinctive features of their appearance include the thick, double coat which provides essential insulation against harsh weather conditions. They have a typically spitz-type tail, bushy and curling up over the back. Another feature that adds to their ‘foxy’ appearance.
From their heritage as active herding dogs, they have a smooth, agile gait. Capable of quick movements necessary for managing livestock.
Male | Female | |
Height | 44-46 cm (17-18 in) | 41-42 cm (16-16.5 in) |
Weight | 11–14 kg (25–30 lb) | 9–11 kg (20–25 lb) |
Coat
The Icelandic Sheepdog has a thick double coat, offering the perfect protection from the elements up towards the arctic circle. The outer coat is longer while the undercoat is dense and warm. With such a thick coat though, they do need a fair amount of maintenance. Especially during the two moulting seasons when they shed quite a lot of hair.
Color
The AKC lists up to 20 different possible colors for this breed, of which only 10 are accepted as the breed standard. In addition to these colors, there are 9 variations of marking that are also accepted within the breed standard.
The AKC’s standard colors are:
- Fawn & White
- Red & White
- Black & White
- Cream & White
- Gold & White
- Gray & White
- Sable & White
- Tan & White
- White Tan & Black
- Chocolate & White
While the non-standard colors are:
- Black
- Chocolate
- Cream
- Fawn
- Golden
- Gray
- Red
- Sable
- Tan
- Chocolate & Tan
The accepted markings as described by the AKC are:
- Black Markings
- Black Mask
- Tan Markings
- Piebald
- Gray Markings
- Chocolate Markings
- Cream Markings
- White Markings
- Reddish Brown Markings
The FCI have a more ambiguous description of the standard, particularly around shades of red, grey and chocolate.
Temperament
Icelandic Sheepdogs are known for their friendly and enthusiastic character. They are playful and eager to please, but are also quite a vocal breed. They do like to bark, not only to alert but also when excited in play. Their intelligence and vigilance make them excellent watchdogs, but they are also loyal and loving family members. Their inherent herding instincts can manifest as a gentle rounding up of people, especially children, but never with malice or ill intent. In fact, they are incredibly loving and affectionate with the whole family, kids and other pets included.
Lifespan
For a purebreed dog, the Icelandic Sheepdog has a rather good life expectancy of between 12 to 15 years.
Known Health Issues
The Icelandic Sheepdog is typicals a healthy and hardy breeds, but it does face some hereditary conditions that prospective owners should be aware of:
Hip Dysplasia – This is a genetic condition where the hip joint does not fit perfectly, potentially leading to arthritis or lameness.
- Treatment: Management often includes lifestyle adjustments such as maintaining an optimal weight and moderated exercise. Anti-inflammatory medications can alleviate symptoms, and surgery may be considered for severe cases.
Cryptorchidism – This condition occurs when one or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum in male dogs.
- Treatment: Surgical removal of the undescended testicle(s) is usually recommended to prevent potential health issues, including cancer.
Patellar Luxation – This common issue involves the dislocation of the kneecap, which can cause discomfort or intermittent lameness in the affected leg.
- Treatment: Treatment options range from physical therapy and weight management to surgical intervention in more severe cases to realign the kneecap and prevent further issues.
Distichiasis – This is an eye condition where eyelashes grow in an abnormal position or in unusual locations on the eyelid, potentially irritating the eye.
- Treatment: Treatments can vary depending on the severity but might include manual removal of the lashes, cryotherapy, or surgery to provide relief from irritation.
Daily Life
So what is everyday life like with one of these sweet natured, lively and intelligent herding dogs? Let’s explore this a little.
Food and Diet
Icelandic Sheepdogs need a high-quality diet that supports their active and energetic nature. A blend formulated typically for medium-sized, working breeds. The exact amount of food required for these dogs can vary based on their life stage, activity level, and overall health. Generally, an average, active Icelandic Sheepdog might need about two to three cups of high-quality dry kibble or an equivalent caloric amount of nutritious wet food each day. This should be split into two or three meals throughout the day.
For less active dogs, the quantity of food should be adjusted to avoid the risk of obesity. Conversely, more active dogs may require additional food to support their energy expenditure. Older dogs typically need less food, which should be specifically formulated to support joint health and digestive efficiency typical of senior dogs. Keep an eye on their weight. Regular check ups can ensure you are not overfeeding, which is especially important as their metabolism changes with age.
Puppies, who are naturally more energetic and growing, need more frequent feedings to support their rapid development. Icelandic Sheepdog puppies should ideally be fed three to four smaller meals per day to cater to their high energy levels and developmental needs. This frequent feeding helps maintain consistent energy levels and supports optimal growth.
Exercise
As a lively and agile breed, Icelandic Sheepdogs need plenty of regular exercise to maintain their well-being and happiness. They are traditional working dogs and used to spending long hours outdoors. That doesn’t mean you need to take them out for a long hike or run everyday. Not that they would mind this, but moderate daily walks with plenty of play and mental stimulation throughout the day will more than suffice.
A good size yard is ideal but not essential. Their herding nature might drive them to chase after smaller animals if off-leash in unsecured spaces, but they do respond well to training and this can usually be well managed. Agility and obedience tasks are a great way to add physical and mental stimulation to their routine. They love engaging games such as fetch, tug-of-war and advanced training challenges. Activities like this also help deepen the bond between the dog and their owner. Especially when you are encouraging and actively rewarding their efforts.
Family Compatability
Icelandic Sheepdogs have all the right qualities to be exceptional family pets. Known for their sociability, steadfast loyalty and affection for all of their family. They are particularly good with children and other dogs, while also being alert and watchful. A combination that makes them adept in a watchdog role, as well as a fun, family dog.
Whilst most suited to family life, they are versatile dogs and can adapt well to various roles, from companionship to more active duties like herding or participating in dog sports. They are happiest when involved in family activities and do not thrive when left alone for long periods. For this reason they are not really suited to small homes, or working singles that are away from home for most of the day. Their need for interaction and mental stimulation makes them better suited for family homes where there is someone around most of the time to keep them engaged.
Training
Consistent, positive training sessions yield the best results, particularly when started from a young age. They are a very intelligent breed, but like most herding types, training is critical for them to learn the rules and the family hierarchy. If left to get bored and figure things out for themselves you will have many more problems than if you invest the time they need for proper training.
A gentle approach will get you far better results than correcting them harshly or with a strict, unforgiving authority. They have a real eagerness to please and will usually pick things up very quickly. Especially when introduced early to a puppy club where they can play, interact and learn with other dogs.
The Icelandic Sheepdog does very well in skill training too, like agility or herding tasks that engage their natural talents
Socializing
Icelandic Sheepdogs are naturally friendly but can be protective, so familiarizing them early with different scenarios is really important to help them distinguish between normal interactions and genuine threats.
Given their history as herding dogs, Icelandic Sheepdogs may have a tendency to try and herd children and other animals. It’s important to manage and gently correct this behavior through positive reinforcement during their formative months. Socializing them in a range of normal settings such as dog parks, busy streets, and quiet neighborhoods is recommended. Places where they may meet other people and pets, helps reinforce appropriate behavior across various situations.
Grooming
The thick, double coat on an Icelandic Sheepdog needs plenty of attention, especially during the moulting seasons. These happen twice per year and during this time, daily brushing will be necessary. You may have to work hard to prevent any matting and tangles during these seasons too. Outside of the moulting seasons, a good brush once or twice per week will be enough to remove dirt, grit and tangles.
Regular bathing should be part of their routine as and when required, and keep an eye on those nails, trimming before they get too long.
Breed Traits
Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
Very energetic and skillful | Thick double coat needs plenty grooming |
Affectionate and sociable with family, friends and other dogs | Likes to bark |
Highly trainable | Can’t be left alone for long periods |
Good, long life expectancy | Needs lots of attention and stimulus |
Breed FAQs
Are Icelandic Sheepdogs good pets?
They are great pets, and while they may have an inherent tendency to herd other small pets or children, never with malice or aggression, just simulating their working drive. They have a good guarding alertness and a deep love for their family. Not well suited to apartments or sole owners though.
Do Icelandic Sheepdogs bark a lot?
Yes, they do love to bark, and not just to alert you to strangeness either. They tend to bark when excited, in play or when wanting your attention, which is often.
Are Icelandic Sheepdogs high maintenance?
They do have a thick, ‘needy’ coat, that sheds a lot during the moulting season. They also need plenty of physical and mental activity, so they do demand a fair amount of attention and maintenance.
Summary
Herding breeds like the border collie, are beautiful dogs, among my favorite. I have to add the Icelandic Sheepdog to that list. It is and adaptable breed, with ancient genes that combine the intelligence and endurance of its herding ancestors with a friendly and loyal nature. They still perform very well in their traditional role, but are equally as adored in less competitive, family roles. It is still a relatively rare breed though, and you might have to travel to find a quality breeder. You might also find yourself on a waiting list to receive a pup. They are well worth the wait and the price tag though.
For those seeking an energetic, affectionate dog with a strong sense of loyalty and community, the Icelandic Sheepdog is a breed that truly stands out. For those looking for an apartment pup, capable of doing well on their own for long periods of time, it won’t be the breed for you.