Kishu Ken

The Kishu Ken is a distinguished and ancient medium-sized Japanese breed, renowned for its hunting prowess and deep loyalty. It gets it’s name from its original homeland, the Kishu Prefecture, which is now split into the Mie and Wakayama Prefectures in modern day Japan.

The breed was a favorite among hunters for centuries, and remains the most popular (though rare) of all 6 native Japanese dogs, in the hunting of boar to this day. Officially recognized as a national treasure in 1934, the Kishu Ken faced challenges during World War II and while it has persevered, it’s numbers are still rare to this day.

Characterized by its robust build and keen senses, the Kishu Ken has a very similar frame and snout to the Shiba, but is larger all round. They are affectionate with family and make a dedicated companion, as well as a capable watch dog. Of all the official Japanese purebreeds, they are also perhaps the most proficient when it comes to sport and competition, particularly those that harness their hunting instincts. You may never find a more loyal dog and they don’t take much convincing beyond their owners word, to trust a stranger.

Although very rare outside of Japan, the Kishu Ken is recognized by many major canine organizations. Domestically, these include the Japanese Kennel Club (JKC) and the Nihon Ken Hozonkai (NIPPO) which is dedicated to the preservation of Japan’s six native pruebreeds. Internationally, they are recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in Group 5, Section 5 for ‘Spitz and primitive type‘ dogs.
They have also recently been added to the American Kennel Club (AKC) Foundation Stock service – a precursor to full recognition.

History & Origins Of The Kishu Ken

The Kishu Ken, is one of Japan’s most ancient and revered breeds of dog. It originates from Japan’s ancient Kii (Kishu) Province, a mountainous region now, as mentioned above, a part of the Wakayama and Mie Prefectures. Dating back thousands of years, these dogs are descendants of ancient Japanese breeds that legend has it, bred with the now extinct Honshu Wolf.

Traditionally, they were selectively bred for hunting and tracking large game such as boar and deer. Their lineage is closely related to other native breeds like the Shiba Inu and Akita Inu. The breed’s exceptional loyalty and courage made them valuable companions for Japanese hunters, and still do to this day.

The Kishu dog was only formally recognized through a study carried out in 1930 by Japanese breeder, Haruo Isogai. This study classified all of the Japanese purebreeds and from here the standards of each would be developed. In 1934, the Kishu dog was declared a ‘living natural monument’ of Japan, a clear nod to its cultural and historical significance. Though most of these dogs are predominantly white in color today, originally around 70% were of other colors. 

However, World War II posed a severe threat to the breed’s survival, as resources were scarce and many dogs were lost. Post-war efforts were made to revive the breed, focusing on maintaining its pure lineage and hunting capabilities. During the 20th century, breeders worked diligently to preserve the Kishu Ken, resulting in a resilient breed that stayed true to its origins. However, the breed remains very rare to this day, even in its native Japan. Internationally numbers are exceptionally small, though there is a growing interest in the breed in the USA. A greater effort will be needed internationally if the breed is to overcome it’s rapid decline. 

With recognition through the FCI and now the AKC’s foundation stock service, a recovery might not be a pipe dream, but with a surge in interest, a much happier story may unfold. 

Quick Facts About The Kishu Ken

• Loyal and Devoted – The Kishu Ken forms deep bonds with their family, with an unwavering loyalty and affection. They are happiest when close to their loved ones, whether indoors or outdoors. They tend to bond with one family member closer than any other. 

• Energetic and Agile – These dogs are known for their high energy levels and agility. They love activities like hiking and playing fetch, but also perform very well in sports and a range of competitive events. They need regular exercise to stay healthy and happy. Boredom or loneliness can lead to destructive behaviors.

• Independent Thinkers – Kishu Kens are intelligent and independent, often displaying a strong-willed nature typical to hunting breeds. Consistent training and firm (but never harsh) leadership are essential to manage their independence.

• Excellent Watchdogs – Naturally alert and protective, Kishu Kens make excellent watchdogs. They are wary of strangers at first, but their reserved nature gives way to affection as soon as any doubt is removed. They make good watchdogs and will alert their family to any unusual activity, adding a layer of security to the household.

• Adaptable Companions – While they are active and enjoy outdoor activities, Kishu Kens can also adapt to indoor living, provided they receive sufficient exercise and mental stimulation. They are well-suited for various living environments with the right care.

Characteristics Of The Kishu Ken

The Kishu Ken, while a rare breed, has several names and nicknames that reflect its heritage. Most commonly, it is referred to as the Kishu Inu, with ‘Inu’ simply meaning ‘dog’ in Japanese. You might also hear it called simply the Kishu and this how the dog is registered with the FCI. Other names you might hear locally in Japan include Taichi Ken and Kumano Ken, which again identify the breed with specific regions. You are more likely to hear the name ‘Kishu Ken’ internationally, than in Japan, with ‘Ken’ being another Japanese word for dog.

Less common but equally significant is its designation as the Kishu Hound, emphasizing its hunting background. All these names point back to its roots as a prized hunting dog in Japan.

Kishu Ken Puppies

Kishu Ken puppies are typically born in small litters of three to five puppies. After spending the first few critical weeks with their mother and littermates, they are usually ready for their new homes around eight to ten weeks of age, depending on their development and health checks by the breeder.

When purchasing a Kishu Ken from a reputable breeder, potential owners in the USA can expect to pay between $1,500 to $2,500, depending on various factors. In other regions, prices can vary significantly due to the breed’s exceptional rarity. Be prepared to join a waiting list, as Kishu Ken puppies are very rare, particularly outside of Japan. There is a growing population and interest in the USA however, where the breed does seem to be gathering a foothold.

Appearance

The Kishu Ken is a medium-sized, muscular, spitz-type dog with a sturdy and athletic build. Standing between 19 to 22 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing around 30 to 60 pounds, according to the AKC. The FCI are a little more precise in their breed standard, declaring an ideal height for males as 52 cm (20.5 in) to the withers and 49 cm (19.3 in) for females, with a tolerance of up to 3cm above or below this. A lack of sexual dimorphism in a litter would constitute a failure of standard, as males should be larger than females.

Kishu Ken exudes a powerful and graceful presence. They have a fox-like face with erect, high-set ears and large, expressive eyes. Their curled tail is also a signature feature of the breed, usually held over the back like most spitz types. Their legs are strong and well-built, supporting their agile but resilient gait.

Coat

Their double coat has a coarse, straight outer, with a short and dense under layer that provides plenty of insulation and protection from harsh mountain weather. Hair on the cheeks and tail is also notably quite long. As with all spitz types with a similar double coat, the Kishu sheds seasonally and needs more frequent grooming during these periods.

Color

White is the most prevalent and preferred color in the breed standard, but red and ‘sesame’ coat colors are also possible. Originally White was the least common color, but over the generations of breeding, this gene has been the most successful. The sesame color is described in the FCI standard as being a (well mixture of black, red and white hairs in whole).

Temperament

Kishu Kens are loyal and affectionate with their families, docile yet very alert. They tend to get on well with other people, likely to greet rather than interrogate visitors or strangers. That’s not to say they don’t make good watch dogs, because they do. The Kishu will alert you to a disturbance, but they won’t act with aggression or protective behavior unless a threat is obvious.

When they do act, they are very brave. A trait developed over generation of breeding for the hunt. They are intelligent dogs, but they do have a hunting dog’s prey drive and might give chase to smaller animals. However, they are far easier to train to manage their instincts than some of the other Japanese breeds, like the Kai Ken.

Lifespan

Some estimates place the average lifespan of a Kishu Ken at between 10 and 13 years in good health. The AKC are a bit more optimistic and suggest an average of 12 to 15 years.

Known Health Issues

While the Kishu Ken is generally a healthy breed, there are a few health issues to look out for:

Elbow Dysplasia – This condition involves abnormal development of the elbow joint, leading to pain and lameness.

• Treatment – Weight management, joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, surgical intervention can help manage the condition and improve mobility.

Allergies – Kishu Kens can suffer from allergies, manifesting as skin irritations, itching, or gastrointestinal issues.

• Treatment – Identifying and avoiding allergens, using hypoallergenic diets, and administering antihistamines or corticosteroids can help manage symptoms. Regular vet consultations are essential for managing severe cases.

Addison’s Disease – This disorder affects the adrenal glands’ ability to produce sufficient hormones, leading to symptoms like lethargy, vomiting, and poor appetite.

• Treatment – Lifelong hormone replacement therapy with medications like prednisone or fludrocortisone is necessary. Regular veterinary monitoring is crucial to adjust medication dosages and ensure the dog’s health.

Hypothyroidism – This condition is due to an underactive thyroid gland, resulting in symptoms like weight gain, lethargy and a dull coat.

• Treatment – Daily administration of synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) helps manage the condition. Routine blood tests are needed to monitor thyroid levels and adjust medication as necessary.

Autoimmune Illnesses: Kishu Kens can be prone to various autoimmune diseases, which occur when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.

• Treatment: Management typically involves immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the immune system’s activity, along with supportive care tailored to the specific symptoms and organs affected. Regular vet check-ups are crucial to monitor and adjust treatment plans.

Daily Life

Food and Diet

The Kishu Ken thrives on a balanced diet rich in high-quality protein to support its active lifestyle. A diet that includes both dry kibble and wet food can be beneficial. Ensure the food is specifically formulated for medium to large breeds, containing essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids for coat health and glucosamine for joint support. Avoid overfeeding as Kishu Kens are prone to obesity. Regular, portion-controlled meals two or three times a day are ideal to maintain their health and vitality. The average adult Kishu Ken typically requires about 2 to 3 cups of food spread across these meals.

For Kishu Ken puppies, more frequent feedings are necessary to support their rapid growth and high energy levels. Feeding them three to four small meals a day with a puppy-specific formula ensures they receive the right balance of nutrients. As they age, their metabolism slows, requiring adjustments to their diet. Switching to a senior-specific formula that is lower in calories but still rich in essential nutrients helps manage their weight and health.

Treats should be given in moderation, and fresh water should always be available to keep them hydrated. 

Exercise

Kishu Kens are energetic and require regular physical activity to stay happy and healthy. Daily walks around the neighborhood or playtime in a secure, fenced area are ideal. These dogs enjoy activities like fetch, running, and hiking, which help burn off their energy and keep them fit. Due to their strong prey drive, they should generally be kept on a leash or in a safe, enclosed space when outside. Some dogs will do better than others off leash, but their progress in training will guide you on this.

A minimum of 60 minutes of exercise each day is recommended, though they can handle more if you have the time. In addition to physical exercise, mental stimulation is crucial for Kishu Kens. Engage them with puzzle toys and interactive games to keep their minds sharp. Or, if you have the time, these dogs are great at sports and competition. Training in obedience, agility, rally, nosework and barn hunting are great ways to keep your dog well exercised and stimulated, while bringing the best out of their natural talents.

Family Compatability

The Kishu Ken is a wonderful choice for families seeking a loyal and protective companion. Known for their affectionate and devoted nature, they bond strongly with their family members and are particularly good with children who understand how to interact with dogs respectfully. Like some of the other Japanese purebreeds, such as the Kai Ken, they tend to choose one member of the family that they will bond with closer than the others. 

Their playful yet calm nature makes them a joy to have around, fitting well into households that can provide ample attention and activity. Kishu Kens are generally good with other pets, but supervision is recommended, especially with smaller animals or unfamiliar dogs due to their hunting instincts. Proper introduction and socialization are key and should start early, particularly in multi-pet households. They do best in homes where someone is around to provide companionship, as they can become bored and potentially destructive if left alone for long periods.

While they are independent, Kishu Kens are alert and make excellent watchdogs, often barking to alert their owners of any unusual activity.

Training & Socializing

Training a Kishu Ken can be a rewarding experience due to their intelligence and willingness to learn. However, their independent nature can sometimes make them appear stubborn. Using positive reinforcement methods, such as treats, praise, and interactive play, is most effective in training. They respond really well to this, with a particular motivation from food and this approach helps to both reinforce good behavior and keep them motivated.

It is crucial to establish yourself as the leader without being overly harsh, as this breed responds best to firm but gentle guidance. Early socialization and obedience training are essential. Starting young, through puppy classes or regular exposure to various environments, people, and other animals, helps prevent behavioral issues and builds their confidence.

Introducing them to new experiences gradually ensures they grow into well-behaved and sociable adults. Consistent and patient training, combined with socialization, will bring out the best in your Kishu Ken, making them a loyal and obedient companion.

Grooming

The Kishu Ken has a thick double coat that sheds once or twice a year during the moulting season. At these times they will need frequent brushing – perhaps daily, as well as regular baths to maintain their coat. Outside of the moulting seasons a once or twice weekly brush will be more than enough to keep their coat looking good. Brushing is also a great bonding exercise with your dog so it’s really important.

On top of brushing their coat, regular checks to their nails and clipping when they get too long should also be part of the routine. Their erect ears will be easy to check for wax and debris occasionally too.

Breed Traits

Breed FAQs

Summary

The Kishu Ken is a loyal, intelligent and active breed, perfect for families who can meet their exercise and training needs. With a rich history and strong hunting instincts, they are make excellent companions and formidable guardians. 

They are also still kept predominantly as hunting dogs for boar in their homeland. They are very rare dogs though, especially so outside of Japan. Any prospective owner should be prepared to be an active part of an organized breeding programme to secure the future of this purebreed.