The Mudi, is a medium sized, versatile herding dog from Hungary known for its agility, intelligence, and abundant energy. In sports and competition, they are quite a capable breed, doing particularly well in herding, obedience and agility, while also finding itself useful as a search and rescue dog in some countries. It is a close relative of the Pumi and Puli breeds, also from Hungary, and despite its historical roots dating back to the early 20th century, the Mudi, like many dogs in Europe, faced near extinction during World War II.
Thankfully the breed persevered and today, dedicated breeding efforts have revived this energetic and loyal breed. Though not widely recognized by all regional clubs, their increasing popularity in the United States and other countries highlights their growing reputation as both capable working dogs and loyal pets.
The Mudi is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in Group 1, Section 1 for ‘Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs‘, and recently (2022) reached full recognition by the prestigious American Kennel Club (AKC) in the Herding Group. It seems to be finding more love in the USA, than it is in Europe outside of Hungary and Finland, where most of these rare dogs can be found.
History & Origins Of The Mudi
The Mudi is a Hungarian herding breed that only received regocnition as a specific breed as recently as the 1930s. Prior to this, these dogs were considered to be Pumi’s, to which they are closely related, along with the Puli breed. Initially discovered by Dr. Dezső Fényes, the breed emerged from breeding between local Hungarian herding dogs and German Spitz-type breeds.
It wasn’t long after their recognition however, until the breed faced the brink of annihalation as a result of World War II. However, dedicated breeders in Hungary worked tirelessly to revive the breed. The Mudi was officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1966 and later by the United Kennel Club in 2006. Their introduction to the United States proved to be a fruitful move for the breed where they have started to be recognized for their excellent skills in search and rescue.
In 2022 they were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club, and their population, while still low, is growing there. They are still quite a rare breed to find elsewhere in the world. The population is estimated to be no more than a few thousand, with most of those living in their native Hungary, and in Finland. Elsewhere in Europe they are pretty hard to find.
Quick Facts About The Mudi
- High Energy Levels: Mudis are incredibly energetic and need plenty of exercise to keep them happy and healthy. As a very playful breed though, exercise can take on a lot of fun and engaging forms. In the house, they are happy to lounge and relax as long as they get to blow off steam when they’re outside.
- Intelligent and Trainable: Known for their sharp minds, Mudis excel in training and dog sports like agility and obedience. They respond very well to positive reinforcement techniques and are very eager to please.
- Protective Instincts: Mudis are loyal and protective of their families, making them excellent watchdogs. Early socialization helps manage their protective nature, but they will always be a vocal breed even with great training. It’s just in their nature.
- Versatile Workers: Originally bred for herding, Mudis are versatile and excel in various roles, including search and rescue, dog sports, and as therapy dogs.
- Affectionate Temperament: Mudis are affectionate and form strong bonds with their families. They are pretty good with children and other dogs too, but sufficiently wary of strangers to be effective protectors while not being overly aggressive.
Characteristics Of The Mudi
The Mudi is known internationally quite uniformly by its native and official name ‘Mudi’. In Hungary, it is sometimes called ‘Mudi kutya,’ with ‘kutya’ meaning dog. Historically, the breed has also been referred to as the ‘Driver Dog’, a name coined by Hungarian farmers who valued the Mudi’s experience and skill in herding .
Despite its growing global recognition, the Mudi is still very rare in most parts, and there aren’t really any other regional nicknames for the breed, which is nice – keeps it simple and no real confusion with other breeds. They are sometimes mistaken for other breeds, particularly the Pumi, which also comes from Hungary. However, they can usually be told apart by the shape and hang of their ears, and subtle differences with their coat and color.
Mudi Puppies
Mudi puppies are typically born in litters of five to seven, though more or less are also possible. There are records of as few as one, and as many as twelve, but five to seven is a rough average. It is crucial for them to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks once they are born, to develop proper social behaviors and emotional stability. Early separation from their blood family can hinder their ability to interact appropriately with other dogs and humans, as they miss out on useful foundational skills.
Training should begin as soon as the puppies are settled into their new homes, around eight weeks old. Mudis are intelligent and quick learners, but they can also be independent. Behaviorally, Mudi puppies are energetic, curious, and playful. They need plenty of mental and physical stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behavior, but they are so friendly and playful that its a real pleasure to give them this time.
In terms of cost, Mudi puppies generally range from $1500 to $3000 in the United States. The average price here at the moment would appear to be around $2500, but it does fluctuate with demand and availability. Prices in Europe and the UK can vary but often fall within a similar range. Expect to pay no less than £1000 in the UK, you may find them cheaper than this but it is rare, just as it is rare to also find any in rescue too. Prospective owners should expect breeders to provide comprehensive health checks, including screenings for genetic issues common to the breed. Given the Mudi’s relative rarity outside of Hungary, a waiting list is likely, so potential owners should be prepared for this possibility.
A good breeder will be also knowledgeable about the breed and able to provide guidance on training, socialization and general care for your new Mudi puppy.
Appearance
The Mudi is a medium-sized herding dog with a distinctive and balanced appearance. Standing between 15 to 18.5 inches (38 – 47 cm) tall at the shoulder and weighing around 18 to 29 pounds (8-13 kg), this breed has a compact and muscular build, making it agile and powerful. The ideal height as described by the FCI, is a little stricter at 43 – 45 cm for males and 40 – 43 cm for females, but there is a 2cm tolerance at either side that is permissible. Both males and females share a similar structure, though males tend to be slightly larger.
Their body is well-proportioned, featuring a deep chest and a slightly tucked-up abdomen that contributes to their athletic and agile look. The Mudi’s neck is long and arched, blending smoothly into well-laid-back shoulders. Their tail is moderately long, set high, and typically carried in a curl over the back when the dog is excited or active.
The Mudi’s head is wedge-shaped with a slightly rounded skull and a well-defined stop. Their muzzle is straight and medium in length, ending in a black nose. One of their most striking features is their gorgeous, oval-shaped eyes that are usually dark brown, although lighter shades can occur in merle-colored dogs. The ears are set high and are distinctly erect, adding to their keen and attentive expression.
Male | Female | |
Height | 41 – 47 cm (16 – 18.5 in) | 38 – 44 cm (15 – 17 in) |
Weight | 11 – 13 kg (24 – 29 lb) | 8 – 11 kg (18 – 24 lb) |
Coat
The Mudi’s coat is dense, wavy, or slightly curly over most of its body. It is longest on the back of the legs and tail, creating a feathered appearance. The head and front of the limbs however, have a shorter, smoother and straight hair, neat and tidy to the eye. The coat is easy to maintain, though it may get cowlicks or ridges forming in some places. This is ok, perfectly permissible. In terms of length, the coat should generally settle between 3 to 7 cm in length.
Color
Mudis come in various colors, and while there is general consensus on what these colors are, the FCI and AKC have slightly different definitions on the breed standard. I’ll cover both for clarity.
In the FCI Breed Standard, the acceptable colors are:
- White
- Black
- Fawn (from beige to red)
- Ash (blue)
- Liver (brown)
- Ash-brown (diluted brown/izabella)
- Cifra (Merle), i.e. pigmented patterns of the above-mentioned
colours diluted by the merle factor
In this standard, some white markings are acceptable but not preferred. These include a white patch on the chest but only if it’s less than 5 cm in diameter, and/or small white stitching on the toes.
The AKC interpretation of the standard includes:
- Black
- White
- Yellow
- Gray
- Graybrown
- Brown
This standard allows for Mearl markings, and advises that these may be present with any color.
Temperament
Mudis have a lot going for them when it comes to temperament. The breed are particularly appreciated for their exceptional learning capacity, their keenness to work and to be involved. At home, they are known for being relaxed and friendly, but also vigilant and protective of their family and home. They are vigilant and alert, with plenty of courage which makes them great watchdogs, and also great in their working role as a herding dog. Speaking of which, their herding instincts may encourage them to herd children and other pets, but they are generally good with kids when properly socialized.
Beyond their traditional working role on the farm, the Mudi has also shown great proficiency as a rescue dog and in some places, they are also appreciated as therapy dogs too.
Lifespan
The Mudi has a lifespan of 12-14 years, when kept in good health with plenty of care and attention.
Known Health Issues
Though generally healthy, Mudis can be affected by several health issues. Some of the most notable are:
Hip Dysplasia – A genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit together perfectly, potentially leading to arthritis or lameness.
- Treatment: Management includes weight control, controlled exercise, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Severe cases might require surgery.
Epilepsy – A neurological disorder that can cause seizures, often of unknown origin.
- Treatment: Anti-seizure medications can help manage the condition, but ongoing veterinary care is essential to monitor and adjust treatments as needed.
Patellar Luxation – A condition where the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal position, causing pain and mobility issues.
- Treatment: Depending on severity, treatment can range from physical therapy and pain management to surgical correction.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – An inherited condition that causes the gradual degeneration of the retina, leading to vision loss and potentially blindness.
- Treatment: There is no cure for PRA, but supportive care, such as providing a stable environment and avoiding rearranging furniture, can help affected dogs adapt to their vision loss.
Elbow Dysplasia – A developmental condition involving multiple abnormalities in the elbow joint, leading to arthritis and pain.
- Treatment: Management includes weight control, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications. Severe cases might require surgery to correct the joint abnormalities.
These health issues should be monitored by breeders through comprehensive health checks, including genetic testing and regular veterinary examinations. This should be done before they are ready for their forever home, to ensure the well-being of Mudi puppies. Prospective owners should inquire about these tests when selecting a breeder.
Daily Life
Food and Diet
Mudis are energetic and active dogs, requiring about 1.5 to 2.5 cups of high-quality dog food daily, split into two meals. Their diet should be rich in protein and healthy fats to support their muscle mass and energy levels. Look for dog foods that list meat as the first ingredient and contain minimal fillers to ensure they receive the necessary nutrients.
For puppies, three to four smaller meals per day are recommended to support their rapid growth and high energy needs. As they mature, transition to feeding them twice daily. Adjust the quantity based on their activity level and metabolism to maintain a healthy weight.
Older dogs may benefit from a senior dog food blend that adjusts the nutritional balance for their aging bodies. These blends often contain fewer calories, more fiber, and joint-supporting supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin. Monitoring their weight is important, especially as they age, to prevent obesity which can exacerbate health issues like hip dysplasia.
Exercise
Mudis are an energetic and active breed that really needs regular exercise to maintain their health and happiness. Not suited to sedentary life in the slightest, though they do like to chill at home after they have blown off all their energy. They need at least 60 to 90 minutes of exercise per day, which can include daily walks, playtime in a secure yard, and activities like fetch, swimming, or agility training.
Incorporating their natural herding skills into their exercise routine can be highly beneficial. Mudis are really competent in sports and activities such as herding trials, agility courses and obedience training. They have a real intelligence and willingness to learn which translates well into not just work, but competition too. These activities also provide both physical and mental stimulation, which helps keep them well-balanced and prevents boredom-related behaviors.
Family Compatibility
Mudis are highly loyal and often develop a protective trait, making them excellent family companions and watchdogs. They bond closely with family members and are particularly good with children. As a natural herding breed though, consistent training and socialization are important to ensure they remain well-mannered and adaptable. Mudis do best in homes where they can receive plenty of attention and structured activities, as they can become bored and potentially destructive if left alone for long periods.
They thrive in homes with a routine and structure, and do best with firm but fair and patient owners who can provide clear boundaries and positive reinforcement. Mudis are not well-suited to apartment living or city environments due to their high energy levels and need for regular, vigorous exercise. Ideally, they should have a home with a secure yard where they can run and play safely.
Training & Socializing
Training should commence early, with a significant focus on socialization. Mudis can be naturally wary of strangers and new environments, making early exposure to different people, places and experiences essential for developing well-rounded behavior.
Mudis are highly trainable with incredible intelligence and a real eagerness to please. As with many intelligent working breeds, they can also have an independent streak. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats and praise, work best and training sessions should be varied and engaging to prevent boredom. Their natural skills in herding and agility make them well-suited for advanced obedience trials and even search and rescue missions.
Grooming
Mudis have a dense, wavy or slightly curly coat that does need grooming to prevent matting and tangling, but not nearly as demanding a coat as many other breeds. They are pretty easy to care for really, with just a weekly brush and occasional bath to remove dead hair and grime suitable for all but the muddiest workers. They are not heavy shedders, but probably just a little more than you would want if looking for a hypoallergenic breed.
Bathing as suggested, should be done as needed, typically every few months or when they get particularly dirty. Be cautious not to over-bathe, as this can strip the coat of natural oils. Regular nail trimming and ear cleaning should be part of the routine, just keep an eye on these and clip or clean when necessary.
Breed Traits
Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
Very intelligent and versatile | Lots of energy, needs lots of activity |
Great work ethic and enthusiasm | Can’t be left alone for long periods |
Very loyal and loving | Not suitable for apartments or urban life |
Protective and alert | Loves to bark |
Breed FAQs
Are Mudi dogs aggressive?
The Mudi is a really good guard dog and family protector, with a loud, alerting bark and plenty of courage and defiance. They are not aggressive dogs though, and are relatively good with other dogs and children, while naturally wary of strangers.
Do Mudi dogs bark a lot?
Yes, the Mudi dog is known for having quite an active bark, not just to alert but often in play or when excited too.
Are Mudi dogs rare?
Yes, the Mudi is a rare breed, with only a few thousand estimated to exist around the world. Most of them can be found in their native Hungary, with Finland having the most of these dogs internationally. Everywhere else they are very rare, though numbers are increasing somewhat in the USA.
Summary
The Mudi is a versatile and intelligent herding breed, but beyond that, it has also found itself a new role as a competent search and rescue breed too. At home, they make excellent companions for active families, but despite this, they are still very rare to find outside of Hungary and Finland. There is growing popularity of the breed across the Atlantic in the USA, and rightly so, as they are very capable, with a great working temperament. With proper training, socialization and care, they are loyal, affectionate, and protective pets. Vocal but without being overly aggressive.