The Pharaoh Hound is a medium-sized hound, similar in appearance to the Ibizan Hound and also the Sicilian Cirneco. Each of these have similar ancient origins tracing back to Egypt or at least that was the general consensus until recently. The long held belief, is that these dogs, or their direct descendant were brought to Malta by Phoenician traders, and they have a long-standing reputation for their exceptional abilities in hunting small game, particularly rabbits.
These dogs can have an independent streak, which can pose challenges for novice owners in training. However, in experienced hands, they excel in lots of different activities such as lure coursing and agility. They are generally very lively and playful, with an affectionate temperament.
In terms of recognition, the Pharaoh Hound is well received around the globe. They are recognised internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in Group 5 Section 6 for ‘Primitive Types Without Working Trial‘. They are also recognized by many of the major national kennel clubs including the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the UK’s Kennel Club (KC) where it is classified in the Hound Group. It is also celebrated as the national dog of Malta.
History & Origins Of The Pharaoh Hound
Until recently, the Pharaoh Hound was considered to be one of the oldest known dog breeds, with a history dating back over 2,000 years. Recent genetic testing however, suggests that the breed might be much younger than this, potentially no older than 200 years as a distinct breed. However, for the purpose of this post we will explore the long held understanding that these dogs originated from ancient Egypt. As if these original dogs were not the Pharaoh Hound, then they were indeed a direct descendent.
The Pharaoh hound was esteemed for their hunting abilities and companionship. They are often depicted in Egyptian art and artifacts, and there seems to be art and inscriptions of these or a direct descendant, in ancient tombs too. The long held belief, is that they were transported to the Mediterranean island of Malta by Phoenician traders, where they became known as the ‘Kelb tal-Fenek,’ or ‘rabbit dog,’ due to their exceptional skills in hunting rabbits and other small prey.
The modern Pharaoh Hound closely resembles the ancient hounds seen in Egyptian tomb paintings and sculptures of which they are descended. They have an enduring lineage, but with the recent genetic evidence, it is possible that they have been mistaken for the Sicilian Cirneco breed at some points in their history.
Whatever their origin story turns out to be, as a modern breed, they have reached recognition by many of the major national and international kennel clubs and is celebrated as the national dog of Malta.
Quick Facts About The Pharaoh Hound
- Ancient Lineage – The Pharaoh Hound is one of the oldest domesticated dog breeds, with a history tracing back over 2,000 years. Originally from Egypt, they were brought to Malta by Phoenician traders and are now the national dog of Malta.
- Blushing Dogs – One of the unique traits of the Pharaoh Hound is its ability to blush. When excited or happy, their nose and ears turn a deep rose color due to their lack of black pigment in the skin.
- High Energy Levels – Pharaoh Hounds require ample exercise to keep them healthy and happy. Daily walks, runs, and play sessions in a secure area are essential to meet their physical and mental needs.
- Great with Families – These dogs are affectionate, gentle, and great with children and other dogs. However, due to their strong prey drive, caution is needed around smaller pets like rabbits and ferrets.
- Minimal Grooming Needs – With a short, smooth coat, Pharaoh Hounds require minimal grooming. A weekly brush and occasional bath are usually sufficient to keep their coat in top condition.
Characteristics Of The Pharaoh Hound
The Pharaoh Hound is often compared to other ancient breeds like the Ibizan Hound and the Basenji. Both of these have a similar sleek, athletic build and keen hunting instincts. But each have their own distinct characteristics and personality traits and it’s important to be able to tell the Pharaoh Hound apart.
In Malta, the breed is commonly known as Kelb tal-Fenek, which translates to English as ‘Rabbit Dog’. This nickname relates to their deep rooted primary role in hunting rabbits in the Maltese terrain. While there are conflicting theories around the origins of the Pharaoh Hound, the breed’s deep roots in Maltese culture are undeniable.
Pharaoh Hound Puppies
Pharaoh Hound puppies are known for their playful and energetic nature. Litters typically arrive with between six to eight puppies. As with all new arrivals, it’s important for them to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks to develop proper social behaviors and foundational skills. Once in their new homes, early socialization and training should start as soon as possible to help them grow into well-adjusted adults.
For those considering adding a Pharaoh Hound puppy to their family, the cost can vary significantly. Prices in the United States typically range from $1,500 to $2,500, depending on the breeder, lineage, and demand. In Europe, prices generally range from €1,200 to €2,000. In the UK, they also usually go for over £1000, but you can sometimes find them listed for less. Pets4homes for example have one listed currently for £800, from good breeding stock, but it probably won’t be available for longs as they are quite rare and beautiful dogs.
Speaking of which, as they are a relatively rare breed, you may also have to wait a while once interest is declared to a breeder. It’s also really important to choose a reputable breeder that can provide some information about the family line of the dog, as well as evidence of health checks.
Appearance
The Pharaoh Hound is an elegant, medium-sized dog with a slender, athletic build. Males typically stand between 22 to 25 inches tall, while females are slightly shorter at 21 to 24 inches. The FCI standard, advised that the ideal height is 56 cm (22 in) for males and 53 cm (21 in) for females. The AKC standard is a little more restrictive for males. Across the sexes they generally weigh between 45 to 55 pounds (20.4 – 24.9 Kg) but males do tend to be taller and heavier than females.
Distinctive features include their large, triangular ears that stand erect, oval-shaped amber eyes that give an alert and intelligent expression, and a peach-colored nose that matches their coat. Pharaoh Hounds are known for their graceful and agile movement, embodying both power and elegance They also have quite a unique blush, that changes the color of their nose and cheeks when they are excited.
| Male | Female | |
| Height | 22 – 25 in (56-63.5 cm) Ideal 56 cm by FCI Standard | 21 – 24 in (53 – 61 cm) Ideal 53 cm by FCI Standard |
| Weight | 45 – 55 lbs (20.4 – 24.9 Kg) | 45 – 55 lbs (20.4 – 24.9 Kg) |
Coat
The Pharaoh Hound’s coat is short and glossy, requiring minimal grooming. It should lay close to the body and the hair thickness can range from fine to slightly harsh. There should be no feathering at all in their coat.
Color
The FCI standard describes only two base colors for the Pharaoh Hound, and these are tan or rich tan. The AKC on the other hand has four registered base colors which are:
- Tan
- Rich Tan
- Red Golden
- Chestnut
In both interpretations of the standard white markings on the chest, toes, tail tip, and a thin white ‘blaze’ line on the face are also accepted.
Temperament
Pharaoh Hounds are intelligent, friendly, and playful. They are also display a fine blend of alertness, balanced with affection for their friends and family. While they can be reserved with strangers, they are not typically aggressive, and they can get along very well with other dogs.
Lifespan
The average lifespan of a Pharaoh Hound is between 11 and 14 years, but should be generally expected to reach at least 12 years in good health.
Similar Breeds To The Pharaoh Hound
In the Mediterranean region, there are several dog breeds that share similarities with the Pharaoh Hound, each adapted to their specific environments. One notable breed is the Cirneco dell’Etna from Sicily, which is known for its agility and endurance, suited for hunting in the rocky terrain of Mount Etna. Another breed is the Podenco Ibicenco from the Balearic Islands, particularly Ibiza, characterized by its sleek, elegant build ideal for navigating the island’s rugged landscape.
The Podenco Canario from the Canary Islands also exhibits traits perfect for the volcanic terrain and warm climate of the region. The Portuguese Podengo, found in both small and large varieties, is adept at hunting in the diverse terrains of Portugal.
Each of these breeds has evolved physical and behavioral traits that align with the specific challenges and needs of their native hunting grounds, showcasing the remarkable adaptability and versatility of these Mediterranean hounds.
Known Health Issues
Pharaoh Hounds are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they are prone to certain health conditions. Some of the most notable issues include:
Cataracts – This eye disease causes a cloudy appearance and can lead to vision loss if not treated.
- Treatment: Cataracts may require surgical intervention to restore vision.
Epilepsy – A neurological condition that causes seizures. It can often be managed with medication.
- Treatment: Medications and regular veterinary care help manage epilepsy.
Hypothyroidism – A condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, leading to symptoms like weight gain and lethargy.
- Treatment: Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy is necessary to manage hypothyroidism.
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat) – A serious condition common in deep-chested breeds where the stomach twists, leading to a life-threatening situation.
- Treatment: Immediate veterinary intervention is required. Preventative measures include feeding smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding vigorous exercise after eating.
Daily Life
Food and Diet
A balanced diet is essential for the health and well-being of a Pharaoh Hound. High-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with veterinary guidance, should provide the necessary nutrients. These medium-sized dogs typically need about 1.5 to 2 cups of high-quality kibble or wet food equivalent per day, divided into two meals. This helps to manage their metabolism and prevent overeating. Ideally, look for a dog food that lists meat as the first ingredient and includes minimal fillers. High-protein diets are beneficial to maintain their muscle mass and energy levels, while healthy fats support their skin and coat health
Pharaoh Hound puppies, with their rapid growth and high energy needs, benefit from three to four smaller meals per day. This routine supports their developmental needs and keeps their energy levels steady. As they transition to adulthood, gradually reduce the frequency of meals to twice a day. Adjust the food quantity based on the dog’s age, activity level, and metabolism. Senior Pharaoh Hounds might require a special diet tailored to their aging needs to ensure they maintain optimal health throughout their lifespan.
Exercise
Pharaoh Hounds are high-energy dogs and need regular physical activity to stay happy and healthy. Historically, these dogs were bred for hunting and running so they need plenty of opportunity to stretch their legs. A minimum of 20-30 minutes of walking or running twice a day is recommended, but they will also be happy with much more than this. On top of their daily walks, activities like lure coursing, agility training and fetch are excellent ways to keep them engaged and interested while also satisfying their exercise needs.
In addition to structured exercise, they also enjoy activities that challenge their intelligence and keep them mentally sharp. Ensuring a secure, fenced area for them to run freely is very beneficial due to their strong prey drive and tendency to chase moving objects. With other dogs and cats that they are raised with they tend to be good, but with small ‘prey’ like birds or rabbits when out and about, they are likely to give chase at any opportunity.
Family Compatibility
Pharaoh Hounds make excellent family pets, especially for active households. They are gentle and affectionate even with children. Although their high energy levels mean they may be better suited for families with older children who can match their playfulness. They can get along well with other pets if properly socialized from a young age, though with a high prey drive, they are always more likely to give chase to smaller animals like birds and rabbits. It’s a core part of their instinctive nature. With other dogs though and most cats too, they will get along well, especially with those that share their love for play.
Early socialization and proper introductions can help manage their hunting instinct, but is unlikely to get rid of it completely. Pharaoh Hounds can adapt well to various living environments, including apartments, as long as their exercise needs are met. Their ideal homes however, are those where they can be an integral part of family activities and receive plenty of attention and affection.
Training & Socializing
Training a Pharaoh Hound can be both rewarding and challenging due to their intelligence and independent nature. These dogs are quick learners but can be strong-willed. Consistent, positive reinforcement methods work best to engage them. Training sessions should be short, varied, and fun to keep their interest and prevent boredom, and a good deal of patience is needed, especially at first. They have a natural tendency to be led off on the chase, and training should aim to establish strong recall and obedience to keep this prey drive in check. Using treats, toys, and playtime as rewards can be very effective.
Proper socialization from a young age is essential for Pharaoh Hounds. Introducing them to various environments, where they will meet different people and animals helps mitigate their natural wariness of strangers. It also helps reduce the likelihood of timid or aloof behavior. As a hound, they have quite an active bark and that’s just part and parcel of owning this type of dog. Don’t expect to train the bark out of them.
Grooming
Pharaoh Hounds have minimal grooming needs due to their short and tidy coat. Regular weekly brushing will help keep their coat healthy and shiny, but they will need more frequent brushing during moulting season where they will shed more hair. They are generally clean dogs with little odor and a bath every couple of months should be fine. Routine care should also include regular dental check-ups, nail trimming, and ear cleaning to maintain their overall health and hygiene.
Breed Traits
| Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
| Very fast and agile | Can bore easily if left for too long |
| Affectionate and loyal | Quite Expensive |
| They have a unique ‘blush’ when excited | High prey drive |
| Intelligent, quick learners | Can be independent and stubborn |
Breed FAQs
Are Pharaoh Hounds good with children?
Yes, they are gentle and affectionate with children, though supervision is recommended with younger kids due to their high energy levels.
Are Pharaoh Hounds aggressive?
No, the Pharaoh hound is not an aggressive dog. They are well known for getting on well with people and other dogs or domestic pets. They are natural hunters though with a string prey drive, so they are likely to give chase to smaller animals like rabbits or ferrets. They just have strong instincts for this.
Summary
The Pharaoh Hound is a remarkable breed with a rich history and while the exact origins of the breed may well have been recently contested, its unique blend of elegance, speed and intelligence is not. Their affectionate nature combined with a lively and playful attitude to life, make them excellent companions for active families and individuals. With proper care, training and exercise, Pharaoh Hounds can thrive in various living environments, but they will always have a bit of the hound nature in them.
While they may adapt to urban life, it’s not ideal for this breed. They need plenty of attention and regular exercise to stay happy, healthy and well adjusted. While you can find them spread quite widely around the globe, they are still a relatively rare breed, with breeders in demand and you are unlikely to find any of these beautiful dogs in a shelter. At least not for long.