The Portuguese Sheepdog, known locally as Cão da Serra de Aires, is a medium-sized, agile herding breed hailing from the Alentejo region of Portugal. The breeds most reputable qualities are its loyalty and exceptional herding capabilities.
They were originally bred to manage livestock in the challenging terrain of the Serra de Aires mountains, and while still used in their working role today, they are mostly now kept as pets.
Their problem-solving skills and adaptability made them a great asset to Portuguese shepherds, and it is in their native Portugal that they are most common.
Despite being relatively rare outside of Portugal, the breed is recognized quite widely by various international kennel clubs, including the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and the American Kennel Club (AKC).
The FCI list the breed in Group 1 – ‘Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs)‘ and Section 1 – ‘Sheepdogs. Without working trial‘.
The United Kennel Club (UKC) list the breed within the Herding Group of dogs.
They are also recognized by the Portuguese Kennel Club (Clube Português de Canicultura) who published the first breed standard prior to recognition by the FCI.
History & Origins Of The Portuguese Sheepdog
The Portuguese Sheepdog traces its roots back to the early 20th century in the Alentejo region of Portugal. More specifically, to the Serra de Aires mountain range within this region. They were primarily used for herding livestock, including sheep, goats and cattle, as well as guarding the flock and their shepherd. The breed origins are uncertain, but one strong theories suggests they are likely descended from Briards – a French herding breed – imported by the Count of Castro Guimarães and crossed with local breeds to develop the distinct characteristics seen today.
Another strong theory suggests that they are descended from other herding breeds such as the Pyrenean sheepdog or Catalan Sheepdog. Whichever turns out to be true, they certainly reserve traits similar to other old European herding breeds. The ambiguity comes from the fact that there is such poor documentation of many of the guarding and herding breeds in their native Portugal, prior to the 20th Century.
Recognition of the breed has been a fairly recent development. first accepted by the Portuguese Kennel Club, who published the first breed standard, written by Antonio Cabral and Felipe Morgado Romeiros. Recognition and acceptance by the FCI was only established in 1996, and while now relatively popular across Europe, some of the major national clubs such as the Kennel Club (KC) in the UK have yet to recognize the breed. In the USA, the United Kennel Club (UKC) first recognized the breed in 2006, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) have the Portuguese Skeepdog listed as part of its Foundation Stock Service, which should, ultimately lead to full acceptance by the club.
Quick Facts About The Portuguese Sheepdog
- Loyal Guardian – Portuguese Sheepdogs are exceptionally loyal and protective, making them excellent watchdogs. Dedicated to both their family and their livestock, always vigilant and ready to protect.
- Intelligent Worker – This breed is highly intelligent and thrives on having tasks to perform. Their sharp minds need plenty of mental stimulation, but they are obedient learners and excellent problem solvers.
- Energetic and Playful – Known for their lively and playful nature, Portuguese Sheepdogs need plenty of exercise and enjoy engaging in interactive games and activities.
- Affectionate Companion – Despite their working dog roots, they are affectionate and gentle with family members, forming strong bonds and enjoying close companionship.
- Adaptable and Versatile – These dogs are highly adaptable, excelling in various environments and tasks, from herding in rugged terrains to participating in canine sports and obedience training.
Characteristics Of The Portuguese Sheepdog
The Portuguese Sheepdog is often compared to other herding breeds like the Briard, and while they are similar, perhaps even derived from these dogs, it does have its own unique traits, personality and health considerations that distinguish it from similar breeds. In Portugal, it’s commonly known as the Cão da Serra de Aires, named after the Serra de Aires mountain range. In their home range however, you might be more likely to hear them go by the affectionate term ‘monkey dog’.
Internationally, it retains its official name but is often referred to by its English translation, simply as the Portuguese Sheepdog. In Portuguese-speaking countries, you may hear them called the ‘Cão Pastor Português.’
While still relatively rare outside its native Portugal, its intelligence, loyalty, and hardworking nature make it a standout breed among herding dogs.
Portuguese Sheepdog Puppies
Portuguese Sheepdog puppies typically come in litters of four to six pups, with the average leaning towards four. It’s crucial for these little herders to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks before moving to their new homes. This period is essential for developing social behaviors and foundational skills needed for future training.
When they are ready to join new families, early socialization and consistent training should start as early as possible. The cost of a Portuguese Sheepdog puppy can vary significantly across different regions, depending on demand and access to a quality breeder. In the United States, prices range from $1200 to $2500 generally, but they are still a very rare breed here.
In Europe, expect to pay between €800 to €1500, with the most availability in Portugal. In the UK, prices range from £1500 to £3000 for a good pedigree. Occasionally, I have seen them listed as low as £800 but it’s not always easy to check the quality of a breeder in the UK. As they are not officially recognised by the national Kennel Club (KC) you need to be a bit more diligent with your own background checking.
Appearance
The Portuguese Sheepdog is medium-sized with a sturdy, muscular build, reflective of its working heritage. Males typically stand between 45 to 55 cm (17.5 to 21.5 in) tall at the withers. Females are slightly smaller, ranging from 42 to 52 cm (16.5 to 20.5 in). Their weight ranges from 37 to 60 pounds, with males generally being heavier. These are the official accepted dimensions as published in the breed standard by the FCI and the CPC.
Notable physical features include a broad head with a strong, straight muzzle and expressive dark eyes set well apart, giving an intelligent and alert expression. Their medium-sized ears are high set and hang close to the head, and their tail should be long, never bobbed or docked.
Male | Female | |
Height | 45 – 55 cm (17.5 – 21.5 in) | 42 – 52 cm (16.5 – 20.5 in) |
Weight | 17 – 27 kg (37.5 – 60 lbs) | 17 to 27 kg (37.5 – 60 lbs) |
Coat
The coat of the Portuguese Sheepdog is generally grown long, wavy and unlike many of its local herding relatives, lacks an undercoat. With just the single coat, it has less thermal protection from the elements, but also doesn’t blow it’s coat in moulting season like other double coated breeds.
Color
These dogs come in similar colors to the Barbado Da Terceira as described in the official breed standard. Namely yellow, brown, grey, fawn and wolf-grey, in all shades from light, medium and dark.
They also come in black and in any of their base colors they can also have tan markings but should never be pied. White hairs may be mixed in, but large white patches are not typical. A very small white spot on their chest is permitted.
Temperament
Portuguese Sheepdogs are intelligent, lively, and affectionate. Their intelligence makes them highly trainable and beyond their working role, they can perform very well across a range of competitive events, sports or competencies. These are very loyal dogs, to both their families and their flock if working. As a companion, they make a great guard dog, sufficiently wary of strangers and activity that draws their attention to alert. They are particularly vigilant at night, when they take their protective role very seriously.
They are joyful without being overly playful and are very tolerant of children and other dogs. However, as a natural herder their instincts need to be consistently kept in check.
Lifespan
The average lifespan of a Portuguese Sheepdog is between 12 to 14 years in some accounts, and between 13 to 15 years in others. In either case they are quite long lived for breeds of a similar type and size.
Known Health Issues
The Portuguese Sheepdog is generally a healthy breed, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health issues:
Ehrlichiosis – A tick-borne disease that can cause fever, lethargy, and bleeding disorders.
- Treatment: Antibiotic therapy is essential to treat this condition. Preventive measures include regular tick checks that can be easily carried out when grooming or after long walks in nature.
Abdominal Tumors – Older dogs may develop tumors in the abdomen, which can affect various organs.
- Treatment: Treatment options include surgical removal and chemotherapy, depending on the tumor’s type and stage.
Though less common with this breed compared to other similar breeds, another minor concern is:
Hip Dysplasia – This genetic condition occurs when the hip joint doesn’t fit together perfectly, which can lead to arthritis or lameness.
- Treatment: Management involves weight control, controlled exercise, and anti-inflammatory medications. Severe cases may require surgery.
Daily Life
Food and Diet
Portuguese Sheepdogs are naturally an active and hardworking breed. They need a good quality, balanced diet to support their energetic lifestyle, as their abundant energy is always in them, even as a pet or companion dog. An adult Portuguese Sheepdog typically needs about 2.5 to 3.5 cups of high-quality dry kibble daily, divided into two meals. Animal-based proteins should be a major part of their food, to support muscle maintenance and overall health. Choose foods with a high-quality protein source as the first ingredient, avoiding excessive fillers and grains.
Puppies need a diet designed for growth, with meals spread throughout the day—usually three to four times daily. As they mature, transition to an adult feeding schedule of two meals per day. Senior Portuguese Sheepdogs benefit from a diet formulated for older dogs, with fewer calories and added nutrients for joint health and mobility.
Always provide fresh water and monitor their weight to prevent obesity. This becomes more important as they transition into old age and their metabolism changes.
Exercise
Portuguese Sheepdogs are high-energy dogs, inheriting their vigor from their working heritage. They are best suited for active families or individuals who can provide ample physical and mental stimulation, ideally with plenty of space to run and play. At least 60 to 90 minutes of daily exercise is recommended to keep them fit and prevent boredom. As they are such a versatile breed, exercise can be fun and varied, from brisk walks and jogging, to engaging in a range of different sports or training disciplines. They love a good, active play session too.
In public places with other animals, keeping them on a leash is advisable, as they do have high drive to herd. But in most cases, this can be well controlled through constant training in obedience and recall.
Family Compatibility
Portuguese Sheepdogs are known for their loyalty and affectionate nature with their whole family. This extends to children and other dogs too. They are particularly gentle and protective around children, but they do need their herding instincts to be monitored and well conditioned. Otherwise they may turn play into work and try to herd, even nipping heels, which can be a bit of a shock to unexpecting young ones.
They are not well suited to apartement or urban life, but it’s not impossible as longs as they get plenty of exercise and attention. However, these dogs are better suited to environments where they have plenty of space, indoor and out, while also receiving plenty of attention and play. Access to a large yard or open fields is the ideal situation. Without sufficient engagement, they may become bored and exhibit destructive behaviors.
Their high energy levels and herding instincts mean they need a consistent routine and firm yet positive training methods. Naturally wary of strangers, Portuguese Sheepdogs make excellent watchdogs but require ongoing socialization to prevent overprotectiveness.
Training & Socializing
Given their herding background, Portuguese Sheepdogs excel in activities that allow them to use their natural instincts. Herding trials or tasks that mimic herding can be particularly satisfying for them. Agility training, obedience exercises, and interactive play like frisbee or fetch are also great ways to keep their agility and intelligence sharp. Mental stimulation is as crucial as physical exercise for their happiness.
They are an easy breed to train and the task itself can be very rewarding for both dog and trainer. Start early and continue to reinforce throughout their life. Particularly with social skills and obedience that are central to keeping their herding instincts in check while at home or in public. The breed are also very competent when it comes to training in many different disciplines for competition.
Grooming
Portuguese Sheepdogs have a long, single coat that does need regular grooming to maintain its condition. A thorough brushing at least once per week should be enough to prevent matting and tangling. Unlike double-coated breeds, they do not shed heavily, but regular grooming helps keep their coat in top condition.
Their coat doesn’t need regular trimming, but occasional trips to a professional groomer can help maintain its health and appearance. Regular checks for parasites, ear cleaning, and dental hygiene are also important aspects of their grooming routine to ensure overall health. Nails also grow pretty quickly on this breed, so it’s important to keep a regular eye on them to clip before they become uncomfortable.
Breed Traits
Positive Traits | Negative Traits |
Very intelligent and east to train | Single coat, not as well protected from climate |
Affectionate and loyal breed | Strong herding instincts need regular reinforcement |
Good guard dog, alert with a loud bark | Very active and energetic, needs lots of exercise |
Adaptable and good in competition | Can be wary of strangers |
Breed FAQs
Are Portuguese Sheepdogs good with children?
They are an affectionate and intelligent breed, but they are also instinctive herders. While generally good with children, they do need to be supervised, around very young children particularly as, while not dangerous, they might try to hassle or herd. It’s just in their nature.
Do Portuguese sheepdogs shed?
They do have a shedding coat, but it’s not bad, they don’t moult everywhere and it’s not a difficult coat to groom.
Summary
The Portuguese Sheepdog is a very versatile and highly intelligent breed. They are capable of performing very well in competition across a broad range of skills and competencies. At home, they are affectionate and good with children and other pets, while at the same time performing very well as a guard dog.
While these dogs are still used in their working role, more often than not they are kept as companions and watchdogs. Their herding background, combined with their loyal and protective nature, makes them excellent, protective companions to have in your home. They do best with an experienced owner though, that has the time to invest in regular training, play and walks.