Pyrenean Mastiff

The Pyrenean Mastiff is a large and powerful guardian breed from Aragon region in Northern Spain. Not to be confused with the Spanish Mastiff which, although similar, is a completely separate breed of dog. These big dogs can be as heavy as an adult human and were originally used for guarding livestock during semi nomadic, seasonal movement between pastures. They are Renowned for their formidable protective instincts, with a history of fending off large predators such as wolves and bears.

With their thick, weather-resistant coat, Pyrenean Mastiffs are well-suited to their mountainous homeland. They combine an independent nature with plenty of affection for their friends and family, but you wouldn’t want to get on their bad side, that’s for sure.

The Pyrenean Mastiff recognized locally, by the Spanish Kennel Club (Real Sociedad Canina de España), and internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). In both these cases they are registered in Group 2 ‘Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds‘ and Section 2.2 ‘Molossoid breeds, Mountain type‘. Other notable clubs that recognize the breed include the Kennel Club (KC) in the UK, in the Working Group of dogs, and more recently (2014) the American Kennel Club (AKC) as part of their Foundation Stock Service.

History & Origins Of The Pyrenean Mastiff

The Pyrenean Mastiff has been a guardian of livestock in the Pyrenees Mountains for centuries. It originates from the Kingdom of Aragon in the North-East of Spain, and appears in documents going back as far as the Middle Ages (500-1500AD). Its primary role historically, was to protect flocks from predators such as wolves and bears.

Particularly when semi-nomadic farmers during their annual transhumance were moving their flock to pastures on higher ground in the Pyrenees Mountains. These dogs were essential guardians and protectors for the shepherds and their livestock. Often wearing spiked collars for their own protection against predators.

In terms of show and breed recognition, the first dogs were exhibited in 1890, and there are records of more dogs shown in 1913. As the 20th Century progressed however, the numbers of Pyrenean Mastiff started to decline. As the wolves disappeared from the Pyrenees in the 1940’s, so did some of the demand for such a large protector. 

The Pyrenean Mastiff was quite an early entry into the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1954 though, and this recognition did not go unnoticed. In the 1970’s the breed started to find their way out of their Northern range into the rest of Spain, following the creation of their first breed society, ‘Club del Mastín del Pirineo‘. From their they found a foothold throughout Europe and the UK, and can now be found in many countries around the world. The first dogs to enter the United States, were imported in the 1990’s, but the breed has still to achieve full recognition with the AKC.

Quick Facts About The Pyrenean Mastiff

• Vigilant Guardian – The Pyrenean Mastiff is an imposing and formidable protector. With their strong protective instincts, sharp alertness and deep bark, they are natural watchdogs. They are devoted to their family and you really wouldn’t want to be on the wrong end of a disagreement with one.

• Gentle Giant – Despite their size, Pyrenean Mastiffs are known for their gentle and calm nature around their friends and family. They are especially patient and loving with children, and as a flock guardian, they have a low prey drive. 

• Intelligent and Independent – This breed exhibits high intelligence and an independent nature. They do need consistent and positive training, as they can be strong-willed and occasionally stubborn. They are big dogs to handle and the more time you put aside for training and socializing, especially when they are young, the better.

• Loyal and Protective – Pyrenean Mastiffs form strong bonds with their families and they are very protective. It’s in their nature, and while they are gentle with family, they have a loud, deterring bark that they will use to deter any threat. If the bark doesn’t work, then their size will. 

• Adaptable and Hardy – Known for their resilience, Pyrenean Mastiffs can adapt to various environments. Their coat keeps them comfortable in the harshest of conditions, while their temperament makes them suitable for many different types of home. 

Characteristics Of The Pyrenean Mastiff

The Pyrenean Mastiff is often compared to breeds like the Great Pyrenees and the Spanish Mastiff due to its size and guardian instincts. In truth, its a fair comparison. They are all similar, large breeds with a similar historic guardian role. But there are very obvious differences between these breeds, in their temperament, their needs and their personalities. 

In its native Spain, the Pyrenean Mastiff is called ‘Mastín del Pirineo‘ which is the direct translation from where we get the English name. In Northern regions around Aragon however, you might hear the name ‘Mastí dell’Aragó’, Mostín d’Aragón, Mostín d’o Pireneu or simply Mostín. These are all names reflecting the local dialect from where the dogs originate. In the bordering Catalonia you might hear them called the Gos ramader, which is again, a variation taken from the local dialect. It’s rare to hear them go by these names outside if these specific regions within Spain. Internationally, they are commonly referred to by the English ‘Pyrenean Mastiff‘ translation and there aren’t really any other widely used nicknames.

Pyrenean Mastiff Puppies

Pyrenean Mastiff puppies generally come in litters of five to ten. Some litters much bigger than this have been recorded, but most commonly between 8 to 10 pups can be expected. Once the new pups arrive, it’s important for them to stay with their mother and littermates for at least eight weeks to develop essential social behaviors. So new owners don’t be hasty, this is just a normal and essential part of the process. 

For potential owners, the cost of a Pyrenean Mastiff can vary widely. In the United States, prices range from $2000 to $5000, depending on the breeder, lineage, and demand. The biggest factors here are demand and quality of breeding. While some breeders may naturally charge more for health screening and certification, this is usually well worth the extra.

In Europe, prices typically range from €1,200 to €2,500, while in the UK, they can expect to pay between £1,000 and £2,000. In all cases, these are still quite rare dogs, and only a few puppies are born each year in the USA and the UK. If you want one of these pups you will need to declare your interest with a breeder and you will usually have to take your place within a waiting list. 

Appearance

The Pyrenean Mastiff is a big, powerful dog that while gentle with their family, should be respected at all times. Standing tall and powerful, they have a muscular and robust build that exudes strength. Theiy have big broad heads, strong necks and a dignified expression that add to their imposing presence. One look at these dogs and you can believe they would protect you and your family very well. The eyes are almond-shaped and expressive, while their medium-sized ears hang down close to the head. Their bushy tails generally hang low.

According to the FCI standard, males must be at least 77 cm (30.3 inches) tall at the withers and females at least 72 cm (28.3 inches), with anything below this being considered a fault. There is no upper limit on size, but the preferred height for a male is over 81 cm (31.9 inches) and over 74 cm (29.1 inches) for a female. The AKC guidelines are a little different, declaring an average of 30-31 inches for males, and 28-30 inches for females. The breed is sexually dimorphic with males larger than females. They can weigh anywhere between 55-90 kg normally. 

Coat

The breed has a medium length double coat, but it’s dense and thick. On the shoulders, neck and bely it is at its longest. Though thick and providing plenty of protection against harsh weather, it should be bristly and not woolly in texture. This makes it more resistant to dirt and debris. You should be prepared for plenty of grooming though, as these dogs shed plenty and they love to drool.

Color

The primary color of the Pyrenean Mastiff is white, often with patches of color on the head, ears, and body. The FCI and AKC have different description of the desired and possible color possibilities though. According to the FCI, the acceptable secondary colors for a Pyrenean Mastiff in descending order from most to least desired are:

• Patches medium grey, 
• Intensive golden yellow,
• Brown,
• Black,
• Greysilver,
• Light beige,
• Sandy or Marbled

Red patches or a yellowish-white basic colour are non desirable but possible. 

The AKC code the colors differently, and to me they are far easier to understand in terms of color and markings. Registered colors in their model are:

• White
• White & Black
• White & Golden
• White & Brown
• White & Agouti
• White & Sable
• White & Gold
• Tri-Colored

In terms of markings, the following are allowed:

• Patched
• Brindle Markings
• Black Tips
• Badger Markings
• Brindle Black Mask

Each of these conform to standard and have their own registration code. 

Temperament

The three words most commonly used to describe the Pyrenean Mastiff, are calm, noble and brave. They are generally friendly with humans, but they are defiant to strangers, will stand their ground and not back down. Once assured of a strangers good intention they will relax, but if a threat is expected they will protect your and all that they hold dear with courage and confidence. 

With an early introduction to other dogs, they can be quite well behaved with a keen understanding of their own size and strength. They are like the big kid in the playground that knows he is the toughest, but controls it unless you push the wrong buttons. When they do fight, they are very good at it, honing generations of genetic mastery from fending off wolves and protecting their flock. Their deep, booming bark is usually enough to make any other dog or person think twice.

So while they are generally known for their calm and composed nature, if they do need to guard your property, they will do it very, very well. 

Lifespan

The average lifespan of a Pyrenean Mastiff is between 10 to 13 years (usually around 12), with proper care and regular veterinary check-ups contributing to their longevity.

Known Health Issues

Though generally healthy, the Pyrenean Mastiff can be prone to several health issues, including:

Hip Dysplasia – This genetic condition involves a misalignment of the hip joint, which can lead to arthritis or lameness.

• Treatment: Weight management, controlled exercise, and anti-inflammatory medications can help manage symptoms. Severe cases might require surgery.

Panosteitis – Often called “growing pains,” this condition causes inflammation in the long bones of young dogs, leading to lameness.

• Treatment: Pain relief and rest are typically recommended until the condition resolves.

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus) – This life-threatening condition occurs when the stomach twists, cutting off blood flow.

• Treatment: Immediate veterinary intervention is critical, sometimes requiring surgery. The condition can be preventable by spreading meals and monitoring exercise close to meal times.

Eye Problems – Conditions like entropion (inward-rolling eyelids), ectropion (outward-rolling eyelids), and cataracts can cause discomfort and vision issues.

• Treatment: Surgical correction may be necessary to prevent further irritation and vision loss.

Daily Life

Food and Diet

As a general guideline, an active adult Pyrenean Mastiff requires around six cups of high-quality dry kibble per day, though they may need as much as 10 cups depending on their size and activity level. Divide their food into two or three meals and certainly not all in one meal to help prevent bloat. They tend to eat when hungry rather than wolfing down their food.

This breed benefits from a diet rich in proteins and fats to support their size and moderate energy levels. Choose kibble with high nutritional value and minimal fillers, suitable for large breeds. For less active or older Pyrenean Mastiffs, adjust the amount to prevent obesity.

For puppies, more frequent meals are needed. Offer at least three to four smaller meals per day to support their rapid growth and high energy needs. This routine ensures steady growth and energy throughout their active months

Exercise

Pyrenean Mastiffs are relatively easy to exercise but do benefit from regular activity to maintain their health and well-being. Typically, they need about 30-60 minutes of exercise per day. This can include two or three moderate walks, which they generally find to be enough. Despite their size and their working background, they don’t need intense exercise daily. They do enjoy and benefit from activities like hiking and exploring new environments though, even if it is at their own pace.

These dogs are naturally protective, so it is advisable to exercise them in secure areas to avoid encounters with unfamiliar dogs, as they can be territorial. Leash walks are always advised if out in public, to avoid any conflict and clashes with unfamiliar dogs. A good secure area to complement this, where they can roam off leash would be great.  Homes with large, fenced yards are ideal, providing ample space for them to roam and play safely in addition to their daily walks.

Family Compatibility

In a family setting, Pyrenean Mastiffs are known for their calm and affectionate demeanor. They can get along well with children and other pets if properly socialized from a young age. Their strong protective instincts need to be carefully managed however, through ongoing training. Without proper training, they can be stubborn and difficult to control due to their size and strength.

These dogs tend to be wary of strange people and dogs making them excellent guardians. They are deeply loyal and will do anything to protect their family and friends. Their bravery will kick them into action if they perceive even the slightest chance of threat. Usually though, they are happy to lounge in the company of their family. While suitable for homes with kids and other pets, they are big and powerful dogs and are not suitable for inexperienced dog owners.  They need an owner experienced in training and managing large breeds, that can provide consistent, firm training. 

Training & Socializing

Training a Pyrenean Mastiff requires consistency, patience and positive reinforcement. Start early with basic obedience training when they are puppies to establish good habits. These intelligent and independent dogs respond well to positive reinforcement techniques such as treats, praise and play. Due to their size and strength, it’s important to be firm but gentle, avoiding harsh methods that could lead to stubbornness or fear.

Socializing a Pyrenean Mastiff is equally crucial. Expose them as early as you can to environments with different people and animals to help them become well-rounded adults. Puppy classes are beneficial, providing structured interactions with other dogs and humans. Regular, positive social experiences will help reduce their natural wariness of strangers and prevent unnecessary barking and overly protective behaviors. Consistent, calm leadership from the owner will help them feel secure and confident in various situations. They need a confident and experienced hand in training, I can’t stress this enough.

Grooming

The thick, double coat will need regular brushing, at least once per week. During the shedding season though, they will blow their coat over a period of about two weeks. This will happen twice a year, and shedding will be at its peak during this time. They may need more regular baths and significantly more brushing during these periods. Blow drying can be a good aid to use at this time to help even out the coat. They are heavy droolers too, so be prepared to wipe and clean them regularly around areas that get covered in drool often.

On top of brushing, they will need regular nail clipping, particularly of the dewclaws which can quickly become overgrown if you’re not paying attention. Ear and teeth cleaning should also be part of a regular healthy grooming routine.

Breed Traits

Breed FAQs

Summary

The Pyrenean Mastiff is a noble and protective breed. A good choice for families looking for a loyal guardian, as long as they have experience with large, powerful breeds. They are not city dogs, and need lots of space to live comfortably and safely. Their calm temperament and gentle nature make them excellent family companions, while their protective instincts ensure the safety of their loved ones. With proper care, training and socialization, the Pyrenean Mastiff can be a wonderful addition to a suitable home. But they are not fashion dogs or ‘statement’ dogs. They are powerful and formidable and their owner should be the same.